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OALib Journal期刊

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CAN AEROBIC AND ANAEROBIC POWER BE MEASURED IN A 60-SECOND MAXIMAL TEST?
Daniel G. Carey,Mark T. Richardson
Journal of Sports Science and Medicine , 2003,
Abstract: The primary objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of measuring both aerobic and anaerobic power in a 60-second, maximal effort test. It was hypothesized that oxygen consumption increases rapidly during maximal effort and maximal oxygen consumption (VO2 max) may be reached in one minute. Fifteen United States Cycling Federation competitive cyclists performed the following tests: 1) practice 60-second maximal exertion test; 2) standard incremental workload VO2 max test; 3) Wingate anaerobic power test (WAT); 4) VO2 measured during 60-second maximal exertion test (60-SEC); and 5) VO2 measured during 75-second maximal exertion test (75-SEC). All tests were performed on an electrically-braked cycle ergometer. Hydrostatic weighing was performed to determine percent body fat. Peak oxygen consumption values for the 60-SEC (53.4 ml·kg-1·min-1, 92% VO2 max), and 75-SEC (52.6 ml·kg-1·min-1, 91% VO2 max) tests were significantly lower than VO2 max (58.1 ml·kg-1·min-1). During the 75-SEC test, there was no significant difference in percentage VO2max from 30 seconds to 75 seconds, demonstrating a plateau effect. There were no significant differences in peak power or relative peak power between the Wingate, 60-SEC, and 75 SEC tests while, as expected, mean power, relative mean power, and fatigue index were significantly different between these tests. Power measures were highly correlated among all three tests. It was concluded that VO2 max was not attained during either the 60-SEC nor 75-SEC tests. Furthermore, high correlations in power output for WAT, 60-SEC, and 75-SEC precludes the necessity for anaerobic tests longer than the 30-second WAT.
A case-control study of physical activity patterns and risk of non-fatal myocardial infarction
Jian Gong, Hannia Campos, Mark Joseph Fiecas, Stephen T McGarvey, Robert Goldberg, Caroline Richardson, Ana Baylin
BMC Public Health , 2013, DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-122
Abstract: We examined the relationship between physical activity patterns, identified by principal component analysis (PCA), and AMI risk in a case-control study of myocardial infarction in Costa Rica (N=4172), 1994-2004. The component scores derived from PCA and total METS were used in natural cubic spline models to assess the association between physical activity and AMI risk.Four physical activity patterns were retained from PCA that were characterized as the rest/sleep, agricultural job, light indoor activity, and manual labor job patterns. The light indoor activity and rest/sleep patterns showed an inverse linear relation (P for linearity=0.001) and a U-shaped association (P for non-linearity=0.03) with AMI risk, respectively. There was an inverse association between total activity-related energy expenditure and AMI risk but it reached a plateau at high levels of physical activity (P for non-linearity=0.01).These data suggest that a light indoor activity pattern is associated with reduced AMI risk. PCA provides a new approach to investigate the relationship between physical activity and CVD risk.
Post-prandial carbohydrate ingestion during 1-h of moderate-intensity, intermittent cycling does not improve mood, perceived exertion, or subsequent power output in recreationally-active exercisers
O’Neal Eric K,Poulos Sylvia P,Wingo Jonathan E,Richardson Mark T
Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition , 2013, DOI: 10.1186/1550-2783-10-4
Abstract: Background This study compared the effects of ingesting water (W), a flavored carbohydrate-electrolyte (CE) or a flavored non-caloric electrolyte (NCE) beverage on mood, ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), and sprint power during cycling in recreational exercisers. Methods Men (n = 23) and women (n = 13) consumed a 24–h standardized diet and reported 2–4 h post-prandial for all test sessions. After a familiarization session, participants completed 50 min of stationary cycling in a warm environment (wet bulb globe temperature = 25.0°C) at ~ 60-65% of heart rate reserve (146 ± 4 bpm) interspersed with 5 rest periods of 2 min each. During exercise, participants consumed W, CE, or NCE, served in a counterbalanced cross-over design. Beverage volume was served in 3 aliquots equaling each individual’s sweat losses (mean 847 ± 368 mL) during the familiarization session. Profiles of Mood States questionnaires (POMS) were administered and blood glucose levels were determined pre- and post- sub-maximal cycling. Following sub-maximal exercise, participants completed 3 30–s Wingate anaerobic tests (WAnT) with 2.5 min rest between tests to assess performance. Results Blood glucose was higher (p < 0.05) after 50 min of submaximal cycling just prior to the WAnT for CE (6.1 ± 1.7 mmol/L) compared to W (4.9 ± 1.5 mmol/L) and NCE (4.6 ± 1.2 mmol/L). Nonetheless, there were no differences among treatments in peak (642 ± 153, 635 ± 143, 650 ± 141 watts for W, NCE, and CE, respectively; p = 0.44) or mean (455 ± 100, 458 ± 95, 454 ± 95 watts for W, NCE, and CE, respectively; p = 0.62) power for the first WAnT or mean (414 ± 92, 425 ± 85, 423 ± 82 watts, respectively; p = 0.13) power output averaged across all 3 WAnT. Likewise, RPE during submaximal exercise, session RPE, and fatigue and vigor assessed by POMS did not differ among beverage treatments (p > 0.05). Conclusions Carbohydrate ingestion consumed by recreational exercisers during a 1–h, moderate-intensity aerobic workout did not alter mood or perceived exertion, nor did it affect subsequent anaerobic performance under the conditions of this study. Drinking caloric sport beverages does not benefit recreational exercisers in a non-fasted state.
New exponential variable transform methods for functions with endpoint singularities
Ben Adcock,Mark Richardson
Mathematics , 2013,
Abstract: The focus of this article is the approximation of functions which are analytic on a compact interval except at the endpoints. Typical numerical methods for approximating such functions depend upon the use of particular conformal maps from the original interval to either a semi-infinite or an infinite interval, followed by an appropriate approximation procedure on the new region. We first analyse the convergence of these existing methods and show that, in a precisely defined sense, they are sub-optimal. Specifically, they exhibit poor resolution properties, by which we mean that many more degrees of freedom are required to resolve oscillatory functions than standard approximation schemes for analytic functions such as Chebyshev interpolation. To remedy this situation, we introduce two new transforms; one for each of the above settings. We provide full convergence results for these new approximations and then demonstrate that, for a particular choice of parameters, these methods lead to substantially better resolution properties. Finally, we show that optimal resolution power can be achieved by an appropriate choice of parameters, provided one forfeits classical convergence. Instead, the resulting method attains a finite, but user-controlled accuracy specified by the parameter choice.
Accrediting high
Carl Evans,Mark Richardson
- , 2018, DOI: 10.1177/0950422217753099
Abstract: Models of accrediting work-based learning are now commonplace in universities. The purpose of this viewpoint article is to highlight an opportunity for universities not only to accredit students’ part-time work against the degree award but also to extend the process into schools by accrediting the part-time work undertaken by year 12 and 13 students against their future degree studies. The operations and benefit of adopting such an approach from the perspective of all stakeholders are discussed. Accrediting year 12 and 13 students, and giving appropriate unit credit against the subsequent degree studies, provides universities with enhanced relationships and potential student buy-in and thereby may increase recruitment. It also brings the employability agenda to the forefront and aids students’ transition to university. The approach described here offers universities an opportunity to develop relationships with schools and colleges and to encourage buy-in for students to progress to degree programmes. While students’ part-time work activities have received much academic scrutiny, the suggestion to accredit pre-university students’ work experience to gain accreditation for future degree studies offers a distinct proposition for universities. There are also a number of challenges to be addressed if it is to work effectively, and these too are outlined
Self Reported Hypomanic and Psychotic Symptoms are Positively Correlated in an International Sample of Undergraduate Students
T. Richardson,H. Garavan
Asian Journal of Epidemiology , 2009,
Abstract: This study aimed to examine whether self-reported hypomanic and psychotic symptoms are correlated in a non-clinical population. A sample of 303 undergraduates from the UK, Ireland, the US, Australia, New Zealand and Canada (14.7% male, 84.2% female, age 18-65) completed an online battery consisting of the 32-item Hypomania Checklist (HCL-32) and psychosis questions from the Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS-P). The HLC-32 total score correlated significantly with the DIS-P total score; rho = 0.16, p<0.01, DIS-P Delusional beliefs subscale; rho = 0.15, p<0.01 and DIS-P Hallucinatory experiences subscale; rho = 0.11, p<0.05. The HCL-32 Risk-Taking or Irritable subscale correlated with the DIS-P total score; rho = 0.26, p<0.001, Delusional beliefs subscale; rho = 0.26, p<0.001 and Hallucinatory experiences subscale; rho = 0.20, p<0.001. In conclusion, hypomanic symptoms appear to be related to psychotic symptoms in non-clinical populations, going against previous research suggesting that this is not the case.
Cannabis Use and Mental Health: A Review of Recent Epidemiological Research
T.H. Richardson
International Journal of Pharmacology , 2010,
Abstract: Cannabis is the most commonly used drug in the world. This review examines recent epidemiological research on the relationships between cannabis use and mental health problems. Relationships with depression, anxiety disorders, mania and psychosis are examined, with relevant issues such as the effect of confounding variables, temporal directions and causality being discussed. Factors which influence the relationship such as dose-response effects, age of first cannabis use and risk of mental health problems are also examined. Causality is often difficult to establish, as cannabis is often used by those with mental illness for self-medication. However, there is substantial evidence to suggest that cannabis may induce or exacerbate a number of mental health problems.
Psychosocial Interventions for Bipolar Disorder: A Review of Recent Research
T.H. Richardson
Journal of Medical Sciences , 2010,
Abstract: Bipolar disorder is an affective disorder characterised by mood episodes which can cause considerable impairment in everyday life. This study outlines recent research on psychosocial interventions for this illness, focusing on psychoeducation, interpersonal and social rhythm therapy, cognitive behaviour therapy and family focused treatments. The basic components of these interventions are discussed along with evidence for effectiveness and an examination of possible limitations. The current research suggests there are a number of different psychosocial interventions which appear to be effective for reducing relapse, alleviating affective symptoms and improving functioning. However, the evidence base for some of these is relatively limited at present.
An unexpected diagnosis of breast malignancy
F Cottier,T Richardson
- , 2017, DOI: 10.1308/rcsann.2017.0100
Abstract: Inflammatory breast cancer constitutes 5% of all breast cancer diagnoses. Diagnosis is based on clinical signs including skin changes, erythema and oedema, together with rapid progression and involvement of more than one-third of the affected breast. It is an aggressive tumour with great metastatic potential, metastases being present in 30% of patients at first presentation
Are We Speaking the Same Language? The Influence of Scripture Translations on How Christians and Muslims Talk about God
Bill T. Richardson
- , 2019, DOI: 10.1177/2051677018824774
Abstract: The publication of the Turkish Common Language translation in 2001 (Kutsal Kitap) helped Protestant Christians in Turkey develop their own unique subdialect of Turkish for discussing religious and theological topics. Consequently, there is now a kind of language barrier between Christians and the average Muslim. I evaluated a variety of written texts and oral discourse produced by Turkish Muslims as well as translations of the Qur’an. With regard to the names and forms of address used for God, I found that usage in Turkish closely correlates with the Arabic of the Qur’an. I also found that dialogue in Christian sermons and texts also closely corresponds with the translation choices made in the 2001 Turkish Bible. I conclude that where subdialects are sufficiently diverse, a different translation for each dialect or social group will be helpful for the society as a whole
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